Free MCAT study guide — Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems

| Factor | SN1 | SN2 |
|---|---|---|
| Rate law | rate = k[substrate] | rate = k[sub][nuc] |
| Mechanism | 2-step, carbocation | 1-step, concerted |
| Substrate | 3° > 2° | CH₃ > 1° > 2° |
| Nucleophile | Weak (doesn't matter) | Strong, unhindered |
| Solvent | Polar protic | Polar aprotic |
| Stereochemistry | Racemization | Inversion (Walden) |

Reactivity order (most to least reactive):
Acid chloride > Anhydride > Ester ≈ Thioester > Amide


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